Breast Lift With Implants

Numerous things, from pregnancy to the aging process, may affect the youthful and naturally exquisite contour of a woman's breasts. Aside from the cause, the contour and position of the woman's breasts could be repaired by a chest lift with breast implants, a favorite process within our Mountain View based plastic surgery centre. Sagging breasts may be corrected to a younger appearance by eliminating redundant skin and soft tissue. Using breast implants, placed under the breast tissue or pectoralis muscle and breast tissue, during the time of mastopexy might help restore attractively shaped breasts. Newer techniques have led to smaller external scars, improved breast contour as well as a higher level of patient satisfaction.

For more than a decade. Pearl is performing the breast lift with breast implants process within our Mountain View plastic surgery surgical implant for Palo Alto, and Bay Area girls. He's the expertise and expertise to optimize your outcomes and give you the wonderful, naturally looking breasts you've always dreamed of. Ideal Breast Lift Nominees A breast lift may be done at all ages, but cosmetic surgeons often recommend waiting until breast growth has stopped. Pregnancy and breast feeding can affect the shape and size of your breasts, so you may need to postpone surgery until after having kids.

Breasts are pendulous Breasts deficiency material as well as firmness Breasts look deflated after pregnancy or weight decrease Nipples and areolas level downward, particularly if they're positioned be low the breast crease you're a well qualified nominee for the breast lift with breast implants surgery, contact our Mountain View plastic surgery exercise, helping Palo Alto, Sunnyvale, Los Altos as well as the whole Bay Area for almost 2 decades. Your Personal Breast Lift Consultation an individual appointment is the initial step.

Breast Enhancement – Ways to achieve the look you desire

Breast enhancement is one of most searched for topics online with around 100,000 searches worldwide every month as per Google’s keyword tool. There are a number of ways suing which one can achieve desired breast size. Breast enhancement surgery remains the most popular but there are various alternatives to surgery one should look into. Women people have started following these techniques and have achieved a firm, round and increased breasts. The bust line becomes more appealing than ever before it was. There's a general misunderstanding about breast enhancements. Women think that it only takes some weeks to show successful results.

It is essential to select correct merchandises and right techniques that will suit you. Some women might experience an excellent result with any merchandise or method and a number of women wont.

Natural breast enhancement:

·         This involves the use of tablets which are made up of only herbs.

·         It's a combination of contemporary science and conventional herbs.

·         The natural breast enhancement is an efficient and safer mans of increasing the chest size.

·         Over the counter pills may pose harmful adverse effects.

·         A balance diet can also be essential when consuming the natural breast enhancement pills.

·         The skill of the physician plays an integral role in breast enhancement.

Breast Pumps:

·         They're also known as vacuum systems.

·         There are several breast pumps available in the market that's really effective.

·         The breast enhancement is guaranteed with these breast pumps.

Hypnosis:

·         There's no real publicity regarding the chest enhancement through hypnosis.

·         Hypnosis is nothing, but the control of head power and concentration in order for you to reach best results.

·         They're not shown medically, but there has been several effective studies regarding the hypnotism breast enhancement procedure.

  

Breast Massage:

·         This method has given plenty of hope to women people.

·         When the breast massage is along with the chest serums and lotions, the outcomes are awesome.

·         You could have seen women who've achieved good bust line simply through appropriate breast massage.

·         There are specialized person who're well trained in bode massages.

Suffering from Back Pain? Here's what you need to know

Spas are places where an individual may get a wide selection of health treatments and beauty treatments which are meant to unwind and alleviate the person from stress and strain. Because of extreme stress in professional life, spas became more popular offering relaxation treatments with a larger price tag. The word spa comes from Latin Solus per aqua, which means health through water. The health spa concept of immersing the body of the individual in water to restore and preserve health is looked upon as very significant to life. According to Sebastain Kneipp, dad of hydrotherapy, water and herbs combined in the right combination, could be utilized to cure any sickness.

Today's modern life style has made folks feel sick, stress and exhausted. To maintain a good balance diet, good exercise and enough rest became a real challenging issue for men as well as women. They get stress from work all the day and get a lot more aggravated when doing the household chores following the day's work. There are very various kinds of spas such as the day spas where the man has to make a meeting and get treated. Resort health spas are like staying in a hotel, health spas on cruise ships as one of the calming manners, medical spas which are run by physicians to take care of patients, home spas for day-to-day indulgence in houses etc.

The health spa treatments include facials, massages, sauna along with other skin and body treatments such as pedicure, manicure etc. Some spas are dedicated to particular well-being aspects like weight reduction regime or for back pain treatment. Latest breakthrough in health spa technology involves ultrasonic waves, ozone negative ions and far infrared rays in a single portable home spa machine. This machine provides respite from stress and from common illnesses. Research has revealed which five minutes of ultrasonic bubble treatment is equal to massage done for a hour. Like the traditional massage of applying pressure directly on the body tissues, this also applies pressure by dilating the cells and penetrating the skin. This ultrasonic home spa offers relaxation and massage to the body, cleans deeply, provides internal warming, beauty contouring etc. For an odor hydrotherapy to be done at home, one should add few drops of vegetable oils such as the sandalwood oil, citrus oil or lavender oil to enjoy and feel the natural healing of a waterfall, forest bath or a hot spring. Aside from making the man relaxed and rejuvenated, a home spa can a lot benefit them well-being clever too.

It's a surprise to several, and despite what you can have heard before, it is really possible to heal a herniated disk, without drugs or surgery. The reason being, that virtually all physicians, chiropractors, physicians as well as physical therapists premise their treatment on the analysis results which only show the situation i.e., herniated disc, but these results don't go to the primary cause of why the disk is herniated. You have the pain, as well as the main reason for the pain is the herniated disk AND behind the herniated disc is something, the cause, that made your disk herniate, do you see? That's a classic instance of a cause behind the reason, no wonder the experts miss it.

Just as you do comprehend that something or several things have caused your disk to herniate, to slip, to bulge or otherwise become dysfunctional, you'll be capable to address that cause and select option treatment choices which will,

A) Decrease the pain.

B) Correct the causative element or elements and for that reason get herniated disk healing .

C) prevent the disk from herniating again.

Many conditions are utilized to convey a Herniated disc, such as a slipped disk, a prolapsed disk, a bulging disk, a ruptured disk, as well as degenerative disk disease; they're all basically the same matter, meaning a herniated disc.

Technically, a herniated disc happens when the outermost part of the disk starts to weaken and the interior soft part begins to press outward. Many people do not even know they've a herniated disc till the herniation touches the nerve, hence causing you nerve malady, that you call back malady. Now, pay attention, numerous researches has proven that you might have a herniated disk and NOT have pain, and pros like Dr.John Sarno do question whether herniated disks are the main cause of majority of the back pain. The most typical herniated disc causes are trauma and muscle imbalances.!, you'll not hear that from the physician, because they're only taught illnesses and signs, while causes are ignored. These complications place irregular pressure on the disk that causes more wear and tear with time. A very crucial element to understand about herniated disks is that, barring injury, they don't happen overnight. You might become symptomatic very rapidly, however it can take a very long time for problems to be right for the nerve to be put under sufficient pressure to cause you back pain.

Piriformis pain is just the pain due to Piriformis Syndrome that is evident in around 10 to 15% of hip as well as low back pain patients. Unlike nerve impingement problems like sciatica, stenosed spinal foramen and channel, and spinal problems such as scoliosis, lordosis, as well as kyphosis, Piriformis Syndrome is a neuromuscular illness. Generally, the sciatic nerve must pass beneath the piriformis muscle though for many low back pain sufferers, it goes directly throughout the muscle that brings about pain when the muscle agreements and suffocates the nerve. The problem might be further irritated when sitting for prolonged time periods since the gluteal muscles stay inactive.

Flexion of the hips leads to hyperactivity in the psoas major, iliacus as well as rectus femoris muscles in the cost of the gluteals, such as the gluteus minimus as well as the obturator internus. As perhaps a result of this, the hamstrings, adductor magnus, as well as the piriformis, that are the synergist muscles of the gluteals, may have to execute a lot harder that they should not. This disease mechanism causes the piriformis to hypertrophy leading to pain. Known by severe pain in the gluteal, piriformis pain might expand down to the leg. Specific exercises like running, walking, cycling, and rowing might lead to pain.

If pain is reduced by walking with the base of the afflicted side directed out as well as if pain is experienced when sitting within an awkward positioning, Piriformis Syndrome should be assumed. Piriformis pain is recognized clinically by lengthening the irritated piriformis muscle as well as causing sciatic nerve pressure through physical examination procedures such as the Race and Freiberg maneuvers. Imaging procedures are only used to exclude other disorders, like herniated disks, spinal stenosis, facet arthropathy, as well as lumbar muscle strain. The MRN or the Magnetic Resonance Neurography is just the only imaging technique that may discover Piriformis Syndrome.

The clear presence of the inflammed sciatic nerve where it passes throughout the muscle might be visualized. There are clearly, numerous conventional treatments which are shown helpful in relieving piriformis pain. NSAIDs and\/or muscle relaxants Stretches and other gentle workout routines Therapeutic massage Cold compresses at the onset of pain followed afterwards by hot compresses Osteopathic and chiropractic manipulation. Shots of anti inflammatory drugs and\/or steroids, local anesthetics, botulinum toxin, or a combination of the three can be provided if conventional treatments are unsuccessful. Even though surgery is rarely suggested, the most recent procedures of minimally invasive surgery have now been proven effective in freeing the entrapped sciatic nerve from the piriformis muscle. Every one of those procedures assist in relieving piriformis pain. Among hip and low back pain sufferers, around 10 to 15% experience piriformis pain.

Hip Joint Pain Relief

With regards to relieving hip pain, there are numerous different treatment options. Success varies not just by every person's hip, but additionally by what is causing your hip pain. Care for arthritis pain, for instance, frequently involves a combination of treatments. Be sure to consult your physician to go over the best treatment plan for you. Medicine Many drugs, both prescription and over the counter medicines, are used to treat arthritis and management pain. Common medicines are aspirin free malady relievers, anti inflammatory drugs, corticosteroids, illness modifiers, and sleep medicines. It might lessen pain, increase motion, reduce tiredness, and help you feel and look better.

When done correctly, it'll not Wear out joints or increase osteoarthritis. Cold packs/baths help reduce inflammation and swelling, and may be useful for flare ups. Heat assists in calming muscles and increasing circulation. Your hip carries the full load of the weight. Occupational therapists can be introduced to all kinds of valuable devices, like those applied to raise chair or toilet seat height. Shoe inserts called orthotics were created to support, align, and improve the function of the base. Bracing several types of hip braces might enable reduce hip malady and improve stability and flexibility. Avoidance Specific tasks to prevent include: excessive stair climbing, impact loading sports like jogging, down-hill skiing, and high impact exercise, regular activities regarding rapid stop start movement, wriggling, or impact stresses, excessive bending and kneeling, lifting or pushing heavy objects, and sitting on low seats surfaces and chairs. When deterrence is not possible, try switching periods of exercise with periods of rest, thus your joints do not tire from the stress of recurrent tasks.

Physical Medicine

PM&R, also known as physiatry, is a branch of medicine devoted to the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of neurologic, musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, pulmonary and other disorders that may produce temporary or permanent impairment and associated functional disability. PM&R provides care for a broad spectrum of disorders including multiple trauma, brain injury, spinal cord disorders and injuries and stroke. PM&R also focuses on restoring function to people with problems ranging from physical mobility limitations to those with complex cognitive impairments. PM&R physicians may have specialty or fellowship training to treat children, as well as adults. Musculoskeletal injuries and severe and persistent pain syndromes, that contains the identification and treatment of sports and work accidents, back and neck pain illnesses and degenerative illnesses like arthritis.

 Electrodiagnostic medicine, that calls for special learning electromyography and nerve conduction studies and it is used for assessing various neurological disorders. Rehabilitation for serious disabilities and functional limitations, including developmental illnesses, multiple injury, spinal cord injuries, traumatic and acquired head injuries, cancer, stroke, amputations, multiple sclerosis along with other neurological disorders. What kind of education is needed becoming a physiatrist? A physiatrist completes 4 years of graduate medical education, an one year intern and a minimum of 3 additional years of postdoctoral residency training. Many physiatrists complete fellowship trained in a particular area of the specialization, like pediatric rehabilitation, geriatrics, musculoskeletal rehabilitation, traumatic head injury, spinal cord injury, sports medicine or pain management.

To become board certified in PM&R, physiatrists take both a written and oral examination administered by the American Board of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. The ABPM&R has agreements with the boards of pediatric rehabilitation, internal medicine and neurology for special training programs leading to certification in those specialties. Physiatrists practice in rehab centers, hospitals and in private offices. Some physiatrists focus their practice on a specialty area like pediatric rehab, geriatrics, sports medicine or brain injury. Physiatrists provide a wide array of treatments, but they don't perform operation except for small wound debridement. They prescribe drugs, prosthetic devices, orthoses and assistive devices.

Platelet Rich Plasma Treatment

PRP is a sophisticated treatment technology that uses elements present in an individual blood so as to regenerate their skin as well as revitalize collagen, leading to healthful, young looking skin. Platelet Rich Plasma has a long history of being used in dentistry, reconstructive surgery and orthopedic medication. Today, it is also being utilized in other divisions of medication including dermatology, aesthetic facial rejuvenation and skin wound healing. Scientific studies ever since have shown that PRP provides new collagen when infused to the skin and latest studies uncover that PRP can facilitate sunlight damage as well as aging skin problems.

PRP is essentially a natural product produced from your very own body. Via an easy blood draw, a small number of blood is drawn from a person into a sterile tube. Using a distinguishing centrifuge machine, the blood is spun down so as to take out as well as concentrate the stem cells, growth elements and platelets that have become essential for tissue healing. This small quantity of blood with a higher concentration of platelets and development elements is referred to as Platelet Rich Plasma. PRP is best known because of its wonderful act of skin rejuvenation. When PRP is inserted into specific portions of the skin, its higher platelet concentration capabilities as a matrix that encourages the development of new collagen, revitalizes skin tissue as well as thus leads to a naturally smooth as well as firm skin.

Consequently, Platelet Rich Plasma Treatment gets rid of wrinkles as well as creates a smoother skin feel as well as tone. There's a big difference between PRP therapy along with other skin shots of fillers. Most fillers including Juvederm as well as Restylane are made of solid material that fills skin lines and folds. They frequently last for short time period and involve repeated solutions to seal the region all over again. And on the other hand, PRP fuels collagen development for complete facial restoration rather than personal wrinkle improvement. Platelet Rich Plasma treatment is preferred for faces that appear drawn, to soften below eye puffiness, improve the overall skin tone, texture and rigidity and seal skin areas where fillers aren't able to reach. Fillers like Juvederm and Restylane may be used together with PRP considering the fact that the two types of skin treatment actually serve various purposes.

Family Practice Doctor

Family practice physicians concentrate on meeting the needs of the family. Your family physician is exclusively trained to care for the whole man through her or his life, from birth to senior years. Family doctors usually receive training beyond general practice in the areas of pediatrics, obstetrics and gynaecology, and geriatrics. General practice doctors also see patients of all ages, but don't typically specialize in a certain area. General practice physicians use their abilities and expertise to treat health conditions and determine areas that need extended care from the professional. The general practitioner sees individuals of all ages, and functions as an individual principal care provider and access point to professionals and specialized testing.

The general practice doctor supplies well visits for kids and adults, sick visits for the therapy of severe illnesses, and introductory care for ailments like high blood pressure level and high cholesterol levels. Family practice doctors also see patients of all ages, but since they specialize, patients might receive more of their healthcare in this one location rather than being referred to professionals. Since family practice physicians work with individuals all through their life time, the main focus is on preventive medicine. Family doctors work with families to advertise their complete physical and mental well being.

In addition they provide instruction for disease prevention and treatment of disorders, and manage chronic medical conditions. General practice doctors concentrate on the treatment of acute illnesses and build relationships with trusted professionals to offer appropriate care for all those with complicated medical conditions. Family doctors are licensed by the American Board of Family Medicine, which requires recertification every six years by evaluation. Family doctors should also complete no less than 150 hours of continuing education every 3 years. General practice doctors are licensed by the American Board of General Practice through 1 of 2 methods.

Mommy Makeover Procedure

These include lose abdomen skin, stretch marks, elevated hip and thigh size, sagging of the chests, weakened abdomen muscles and much more. Even with strict diet and exercise, some moms can't look to restore their body back to the way it had been before maternity. Fortunately for all those mothers who're finished having kids. We instein may do a Mommy Makeover. A Mommy Makeover procedure typically combines breast, hip, and belly processes. You may also blend it with facial rejuvenation processes like neck lift, jowl lift, or removal of bloated eyelids. Each Mommy Makeover process is custom suited to your needs.

Since each Mommy Makeover is personalized to you, there is a change in the actual processes and lengths of every one. In your initial consultation. Weinstein will discuss your procedure, the dangers involved and you may create your anticipations. The outcomes vary on which process were combined in the Mommy Makeover. If you're intrigued in having your pre maternity body back, give us a call now to put up your Mommy Makeover discussion with Dr. Weinstein today. When Lindsey White, of Morristown, N.J., determined to get a breast lift and increase a year after providing her fourth kid, she'd no idea she was starting on stage one of her Mommy makeover.

White is part of an increasing number of women experiencing mother makeovers - many plastic surgery processes that restore, or improve, their post maternity bodies. Weinstein continues to be helping mom restore the bodies for over two decades. A combination procedure of breast augmentation via a belly tuck incision has helped more than 100 of his patients. The risk factors for the combined process in his practice isn't greater then either procedure alone. The dangers are minimal with significantly less than 1% rupture and significantly less than 2 percent capsular contracture of the breast implants. Larry Weinstein a board certified plastic surgeon in Chester NJ performed her breast augmentation throughout the low abdominoplasty panty line. The cosmetic procedure involved liposuction of the flanks with the tumescent liposuction technique not smartlipo.

Frozen Shoulder Treatment

There are various available choices involving frozen shoulder treatment, some of that are workable and proven and some where the result is less predictable. The most predictable result is with physiotherapy. When managed by a trained counselor, PT has a pretty high success rate, although success depends on several variants, most of that are restrained by the patient. This holds true even when the sufferer chooses to forego formal treatment and follow a home program. Low Pain Threshold - The shoulder complex is exceptionally innervated, making rehabilitation a less than comfortable choice as treatment. Those people that have a low tolerance for any kind of distress or pain will often fight their plan if answers are not seen instantly.

These people regrettably succumb to Quick fix pain medicine that only hides the pain, or fall prey to Immediate remedy software or products present in publications or on the web. Bilateral Adhesive Capsulitis - Having one stiff and sore arm is restricting enough, but two at the same time often means an inability to maintain a job, drive an auto safely, or inability to care for one's own demands. Physical Therapy may be implemented in case of a coincident condition, but fast results needed in this scenario that might necessitate a surgical process or manipulation under anesthesia. Recovery afterward continues to be painful and will need further PT, but most frequently a sensible amount of function might be reached fast enough to allow the person to return to daily activities.

The most efficient frozen shoulder treatment plans in this case is surgery or manipulation. Cancer In The Immediate Area - a professional doctor advice is required where there's cancer or metastasis in no contraindication upper extremity. Further scattering of the cancer can be triggered during exercise or with a few of the modalities prescribed like ultrasound or functional electrical stimulation. A physician might agree with a course of treatment if she or he feels there's no contraindication, but the best advice is to be careful and follow through with a suitable evaluation. Disc Bulges Or Neurological Impingement - Patients with A brief history of neck problems like a herniated disk or nerve impingement may aggravate their signs when rehabilitating their shoulder. Any situation where there's a brief history o instability in the neck should be monitored carefully to avoid further harm to the backbone and surrounding structures. Stretching an already irritated nerve is very debilitating and will negate further improvement with any plan.

Low Back Pain Treatments

Treatment for low back pain depends on the patient's history as well as the kind and harshness of pain. A large proportion of low back pain cases get better within six weeks without operation, and low back pain exercises are nearly always part of the treatment plan. If pain continues or worsens, more concerned analytical and surgical treatments may be suggested. Ceasing action for several days allows injured tissue as well as nerve roots to start to heal, which will help alleviate low back pain. Over several days of rest might lead to a worsening of the muscles, as well as weak muscles have to challenge to sufficiently support the backbone.

Patients who don't on a regular basis exercise to build strength and versatility are more inclined to experience persistent or prolonged low back pain. Heat and/or cold therapy helps relieve most types of low back pain by reducing inflammation. A wide number of over the counter and prescription drugs is available to reduce low back pain. Many medicines reduce inflammation, that is often a reason behind pain, while some work to inhibit the indication of pain signals to reach the brain. Each medicine has multiple identifying risks, possible adverse effects and drug interactions, which need to be assessed by a doctor.

Exercise is a key factor of nearly any low back pain treatment. Usually a workout program will be developed and held by a vertebral column medical expert, like a physical therapist, chiropractor, or physiatrist, as well as will include 3 components: aerobic conditioning, extending, and defining. The workouts are best done via a controlled, progressive plan, with the objective of creating toward a stronger, more flexible backbone. Additionally to exercises specific to the lower back, any low impact aerobic exercise, like walking, is frequently an ideal exercise to get the lower back since it helps bring oxygen to the soft tissues in the back to promote healing. Swimming or water exercise has got the same effect and is a fantastic option if walking is too painful. Chiropractic Adjustment might help improve marrow function by decreasing pain and irritation to increase motion range and physical function. Manual adjustment can be generally done by osteopathic physicians.

Best Treatment For Arthritis

There's no remedy for arthritis as yet, but you'll find various treatments which can help alleviate symptoms and reduce the likelihood of your arthritis becoming worse. Painkillers help with pain and stiffness, but they do not affect the arthritis itself and will not repair the damage to your joint. Painkillers are best used sometimes when you are in pain or when you are likely to be exercising. Paracetamol is generally the best and most well accepted analgesic, but ensure you take the right dose because a lot of people take not enough - attempt 1 g three or four times a day.

Combined analgesic contains paracetamol and another codeine like drug, in order that they may be useful for more severe pain. Since they are stronger than analgesic, they are more prone to cause adverse effects like dizziness and constipation. Non steroidal anti inflammatory drugs, for example, ibuprofen or naproxen, may be advocated if irritation is contributing to the pain and stiffness. You can tell within several days whether they are going to help with your pain. Capsaicin cream is produced from the pepper plant along with is an efficient and well tolerated painkiller. The pain alleviation begins following a day or two and you need to check it out for at least fourteen days before discovering when it is helped.

Stronger painkillers, for example, opioids/anti inflammatory, may be prescribed if you have severe pain and other medications don't work well enough. More powerful analgesic are more inclined to possess adverse effects, particularly nausea, dizziness and confusion, so you will need to see your doctor on a regular basis and report any issues. Some opioids might be given as a plaster patch to wear on the skin, which may give pain alleviation for a number of days. Stronger analgesic are only available on prescription. Since these treatments work in various ways, you may combine them for greater pain alleviation. Steroid injections are occasionally given directly into an especially painful knee joint.

The shots may start working inside a day or so and might improve pain to get several weeks or months. They are mainly used for very painful arthritis, for sudden attacks due to shedding calcium deposits and also to assist you through important events. Arthritis Research UK has awarded a grant to get the PROMOTE trial, a report into whether methotrexate, a drug widely used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, may be utilized to treat osteoarthritis of the knee. Applying heat or cold to your knee may relieve pain and stiffness. Acid hyaluronic injections, that assist to lubricate your knee joint, are occasionally given when steroid injections do not work.

Obstetrician And Gynecologist

An obstetrician, also commonly called an OB/GYN, usually offers a variety of women's health services, such as annual Pap tests. Obstetricians will also be trained to handle complications during pregnancy, birth, and postpartum. An obstetrician is a medical professional who focuses on the managing of pregnancy, labour and birth. In addition they receive specialized instruction in the field of the female reproductive system and operative care. Much of their instruction focuses on the detection and managing of obstetric and gynecological issues. The services offered may vary depending on the specialty and advanced training of the OB/GYN. Some doctors choose to exercise only obstetrics, others might choose to practice only gynecology.

Most OB/GYNs choose to practice the specialty and offer a variety of services. Many obstetricians exercise in a personal office, without or with several doctors. They can also exercise in a hospital or clinic setting. Some experienced OB/GYNs maintain teaching positions in university hospitals. Obstetricians must complete the prerequisites determined by the American Board of Obstetrics and Gynecology. After completion of residency training, OB/GYNs must pass a test administered by the American Board of Obstetrics and Gynecology to be board certified. Some OB/GYNs may choose to further pursue a sub specialty such as infertility or maternal/fetal medicine. One reason many women choose a midwife for their pregnancy is because they are comfortable with their current OB/GYN. Other women choose to use an OB/GYN because they are experiencing a high pregnancy risk.