Cervical Cancer - Causes, symptoms, and treatments

Cervical cancer occurs when abnormal cells on the cervix develop out of control. The cervix is the lower part of the uterus that opens into the vagina. Cervical cancer can often be effectively treated when it's detected at an early stage. It can be detected a very early stage through a Pap test.

Causes and risk factors for cervical cancer include;

·         Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection - HPV infection may cause cervical dysplasia, or irregular growth of cervical cells.

·         Having many sexual partners

·         Smoking

·         Taking birth control pills

·         Engaging in early sexual activity

·         Weak immune system

·         Sexually transmitted infections (STIs)

Common symptoms and signs of cervical cancer are;

·         Abnormal vaginal bleeding

·         Increased vaginal discharge

·         Bleeding after going through menopause

·         Pain during sex

·         Pelvic pain

Diagnosis

Regular pelvic exams and Pap testing can help detect pre-cancerous changes in the cervix.

Chest X-rays, CT scan, MRI, and a PET scan may be used to determine the stage of cervical cancer.

Treatment options for cervical cancer include;

Cancer of the cervix commands different treatment than cancer that begins in other parts of the uterus. Pre-cancerous changes in the cervix may be treated with cauterization, cryosurgery, or laser surgery.

·         Radiation therapy

·         Surgery

·         Chemotherapy

Precautionary measure

Two vaccines to prevent HPV infection are;

·         Gardasil Vaccines

·         Cervarix Vaccines